The Antikythera Mechanism is hailed by many archeologist as one of the most important finds ever discovered. It was discovered in 1900 off the coast of the island of Antikythera between the islands of and mainland Greece. The mechanism itself is the earliest computing device ever discovered, and has been accurately dated to 150BC - 100 BC.
Over many years of study the basic design, and purpose of the machine has been slowly gleaned from the various fragments that have been recovered and studied. The device itself is meant to model astronomical phenomena, and it does so to very accurate degree.
For more information about the device you can read the NYTimes article on it.
And for very detailed information there is the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project.
And there is the wikipedia article also.
And for the latest research there is a published piece in the journal Nature.
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